What to know about menopause, according to a doctor

Menopause is a common experience for women in middle age. Each year, around 1.3 million women in the US enter menopause. Despite its prevalence, many women report not having enough information on the subject. A study found that 94% of American women were never taught about menopause in school, and almost half said they felt uninformed about it. Menopause is the phase in a woman’s life when menstrual periods cease due to the ovaries no longer producing certain reproductive hormones. Symptoms can include hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood changes, and weight gain. The average age of experiencing menopause is 51, although it can vary. Menopause typically lasts around seven years but can extend up to 14 years. Diagnosis is generally based on 12 months without a period. Perimenopause is the transitional period before menopause, characterized by irregular periods and menopausal symptoms. Common menopausal symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, increased urinary tract infections, mood changes, dry skin, and weight gain. Treatment options include hormone therapy, non-hormonal medications, lifestyle changes, and complementary therapies. Primary care providers, gynecologists, and resources like the North American Menopause Society can provide reliable information and guidance for women going through menopause.